10^th International Summit on Global Warming and Environmental Science November 07-08, 2022 Paris, France

Biography:

Senior Research Associate, 2020-present, Department of Geography, School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, CanadaSenior GIS Project Manager, 2013-present, Instant Calling Spatial Arch and Resource Planning Management, Canada

Professor, 2018-present, Associate Professor, 1992-1993, Assistant Professor, 1985-1991, Department of Ecology,  Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, The Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, China

Abstract:

Global warming has substantial effects on terrestrial ecosystems in the different Ecoregions. A hierarchical ecosystem approach was conducted to analyze global warming influences with global warming impacts on the three distinct global ecoregions. The ecosystem classification of land (ECL) has been developed and integrated as a hierarchical system. Recently, the hierarchical ecosystem classifications in 300 Dry Domain of the United States, 100 Polar Domain of Canada, and 500 Plateau Domain of China were demonstrated and explored in studying the environmental system changes and global warming impacts. This article tries to present the distinctive dissimilarity in each ecoregion and demonstrate the ecosystem responses linked to the hierarchical ecosystem structure and ecological function level. 

1) In the Dry Domain, the warmer and wetter of Utah’s climate gave rise to Rocky Mountain subalpine conifer forests and Great Basin pinyon and juniper woodlands suitable for growing, which correspond to their Utah’s Climate life zone, and are affiliated with the Middle levels of ECL from U7 to U4.  

2) In the Polar Domain, a warmer and wetter winter of Yokon climate influence the Spruce treeline moving northward and to higher elevations, as well as for the arctic tundra and alpine tundra. Arboreal species grow fast to reach fructification. These are typically appeared in the middle levels of ECL from Y8 up to Y5 and changed the carbon budget to a carbon sink from Y4 to Y2.

3) In the Plateau Domain, an annual air temperature increases by 0.5^oC/10y over the last 45 years, and the temperature fluctuations have significantly affected the essential changes in the global energy balance and carbon budget in the upper levels of ECL from Q4 up to Q1.

Biography:

 

Abstract:

Among the greenhouse gas emissions due to livestock activities there is, in addition to rumen methane, that which derives from the fermentation and management of manure from farmed animals. To feed the farmed animals, plants are used that fix carbon and therefore subtract carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The emissions related to rumen fermentations, those related to manure, management, and spreading of animals of species reared in Italy, as well as manure released by grazing animals were quantified and summed. The emissions due to the respiration of animals were calculated and the carbon dioxide fixed by the main crops of zootechnical interest was calculated and then subtracted from the atmosphere. In addition, the emissions from the cultivation of plant species, attributable to the working of the soil, the production of fertilizers and pesticides, electricity, fuels, and the operation of machines, were also taken into account. The results of this elaboration show that in Italy the CO2 fixed in the vegetation cultivated to feed animals is about 10% higher than the sum of that emitted by the animals reared and by the entire process that is part of it. It could therefore be argued that the influence of carbon fixation should probably be taken into account to calculate the environmental impact in terms of carbon footprint of agricultural and animal products. In this way, carbon neutrality would be demonstrated, which characterizes the production processes of agricultural products and animal productions unlike other production cycles.

Biography:

Irina Glinyanova (PhD) is a specialist in the fields of natural pollution, land surface temperature, and land relief and has experience in identifying underground zones of ancient volcanism in Russia (Volgograd and Saratov regions). Her technique is a comprehensive assessment of the environmental state of a territory based on Earth remote sensing data, field studies using aerosol indicators (acidity, electrical conductivity, toxicity, etc.), analysis of local geological structures, etc. Her research methodology is based on the principles of holistic concept and is a comprehensive analysis of the territory.

 

Abstract:

Statement of the problem: It is known that Global Warming and Climate Change phenomena on the planet are caused by thermal pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Many believe that humans are enhancing this overall warming trend. Meanwhile, less attention is paid to natural sources of pollution which are capable of creating definite areas of thermal anomalies across the world. For example, ancient underground volcanic zones are insufficiently studied and are underestimated sources of global warming. The purpose of this study is to analyze thermal pollution in the territory of the industrial city of Volzhsky (Volgograd region, Russia) and its immediate surroundings.

Methodology & theoretical orientation: Thermal anomalies were identified using the Landsat-8 program OLI Level 1 data products, made freely available online by USGS Findings: A map of thermal pollution on the territory of Volzhsky and its vicinities with enterprises of the chemical industry, mechanical engineering, metallurgy, etc. was built. It was established that most thermal anomalies are situated on agricultural land of the steppe, where nothing is cultivated and nobody lives. Small point thermal anomalies are observed in Volzhsky. These facts indicate a powerful natural source of thermal anomalies in the steppe in the form of an active ancient underground volcanic zone located on the Precambrian platform. This was recently discovered by the author.

Conclusion: The author pays attention to the world community about underground ancient volcanic areas as they are obvious suppliers of both heat and volcanic greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere. This phenomenon is not properly studied by scientists, it is not reflected in the legislation of any country in the world, and it is not the subject of international discussions. Therefore, additional actions are required for the sustainable development of territories and their climate change risk reduction.

Keywords: Volzhsky, Volcanic zones, Thermal pollution, Thermal anomalies.

 

Biography:

Faezeh Borhani, a PhD candidate at "University of Tehran", one of the premier educational and research institutes in Iran. She is a hardworking, self-disciplined and conscientious researcher/engineer with 7 years of experience in designing and deriving technical solutions in the civil and environmental engineering field. She has been interested in doing research in the areas of meteorology and atmospheric sciences. In the last past 4 years, she focused on short-lived climate pollutants.

 

Abstract:

A critical component of managing air pollution in the transportation sector is estimating and quantifying emissions from road vehicles. It introduces an exemplary method for the environmental evaluation of transportation system scenarios. Emission models are an important issue in this respect. There are several emission models available worldwide. This study focuses on emission models of short-lived climate pollutants from road transport (i.e., IVE, MOVES 2014a, COPERT 4 & 5 and EMFAC 2014). These models distinguish between static and dynamic models. It depends on the amount of data available for the transport fleet and its specifications. Monitoring emissions in a study area can, also, be a good method for calibration of such emission models. This paper presents an overview of models used in estimating emissions from road transportation systems in urban areas. It contrasts various emissions models that are utilized in transportation-related air pollution management scenarios. The study discusses, also the potential and limitation of each model. The difficulties of applying these models in developing countries are also discussed. Finally, the study determines the required steps towards realistic transportation emission modeling in developing countries.

Introduction

It can be difficult to assess emission model choices to reduce the climate effects of road transport, especially when they entail a trade-off between long-lived pollutants emissions (i.e., carbon dioxide (CO₂), Nitrous oxide (N₂O)) and short-lived pollutants emissions (i.e., Methane (CH₄), Black carbon (BC), Monoxide carbon (CO), Sulfur dioxide (SO₂), Nitrogen oxides (NOX), Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10)). The Clean Air Act requires EPA to develop and regularly update emission factors for all emission sources. Pursuant to this charge, EPA's Office of Transportation and Air Quality (OTAQ) has developed a number of emissions and emission factor estimation tools for mobile sources, including NONROAD (for off-road mobile source pollutants) and MOBILE (for highway vehicles). Over the last few decades, numerous emission models have been developed for various purposes, from analyzing exposure near intersections or on the roadway, to understanding emission rates in a particular region. We examine common dynamic models (i.e., IVE, MOVES 2014a, COPERT 4 & 5 and EMFAC 2014) for emissions of short-lived pollutants.

Overview of study results

These models are user-friendly programs developed to estimate national road transport emissions. These have been downloaded by thousands of users worldwide for use in their research. The findings show that there is a level of access free to four emission models. IVE and MOVES2014a models are included inspection/maintenance (I/M) program. [Figure 1] provide an overview of the analysis of short-lived pollutants emissions models connected to transportation. Road transportation emissions of both long-lived pollutants (such as carbon dioxide) and short-lived pollutants (such as methane or black carbon) can be modeled. Overall, the use of average vehicle speed in these models (e.g., COPERT) results in a lack of ability to account for the variety of vehicle operations and emission characteristics.

Keywords: Emission models, Nitrogen oxides, Road transport.

 

 

Biography:

Chandan Surabhi Das current position is Associate Professor in Geography at Barasat Government College of West Bengal State University where he has been teaching since 2014. He is currently the Officer in Charge of the Morning Section at Barasat Government College since 2018. In the past two decades, he has participated approximately thirty conferences and workshops. He has published 20 research articles in different international and national reputable journals. He has published 10 books in various fields in both English and Bengali. Among them are Global Warning (2009), Sharing Space (2012), Practical Geography (2018), Geospatial techniques and Research in Geography (2020) and Geography in History (2022). Since 2016, he has been a member of the editorial board of an International Journal (Sustainable Forestry). He has also been a reviewer for three International Journals (Springer, Cambridge University Press, Elsevier) for the last eight years.

 

Abstract:

The concept of resilience in climate change refers to a capacity to adapt to changing climatic conditions as well as persistent stresses by responding effectively. The Sundarban, an area in India that endures flooding, cyclonic storms, salinization of soil, and sea level rise, has been undermined by these factors over the past century. Poverty, malnutrition, and an aging population exacerbate the vulnerability of this region. A single livelihood practice in Sundarban, agriculture, depends heavily on limited natural resources, including land, water, and energy. This study includes the last habited island (Gosaba block), which is surrounded by Sundarban Reserve Forest on three sides. I conducted a Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) using the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method from September 2020 to April 2021 with village heads, panchayat members, and forest development committee members to gather data on the impact of climate change on their livelihood, income, fishing practices, and socioeconomic conditions. The salinity of fringe regions is steadily rising, and this has adverse effects on crops, soils, water supplies and biodiversity. In the study, 4 Pillars for Sustainable Socioeconomic Development were identified, including vulnerability reduction, poverty reduction, biodiversity conservation, and institutional change. In the low lying forest dependent coastal areas like Sundarban, the Livelihood Asset Status Tracking (LAST) method will attempt to measure the changes in five capital asset groups (social, financial, human, physical, and natural assets) in order to suggest climate resilient sustainable livelihoods.

Keywords: Resilience, Climate change, Sundarban, Sustainable development, LAST method.