Global Warming and Environmental Science

Ocean Acidification: Causes and Consequences

Ocean acidification is a significant consequence of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, profoundly impacting marine ecosystems. When CO2 is absorbed by seawater, it reacts with water to form carbonic acid, leading to a decrease in pH levels and making the ocean more acidic. This process disrupts the delicate chemical balance of marine environments. The primary cause of ocean acidification is the burning of fossil fuels, which releases large amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere. Other contributing factors include deforestation and certain agricultural practices that increase CO2 levels. As the ocean absorbs about 30% of atmospheric CO2, the increased emissions have accelerated the acidification process. The consequences of ocean acidification are far-reaching. Marine organisms, particularly those with calcium carbonate shells or skeletons like corals, mollusks, and some plankton species, are especially vulnerable. Acidic waters hinder their ability to form and maintain their shells, leading to reduced survival rates and impacting the entire food web. Coral reefs, which provide critical habitats for diverse marine life, are particularly threatened, resulting in biodiversity loss and weakened ecosystem services.